Calculator

An electronic calculator is a small, portable electronic device used to perform both basic operations of arithmetic and complex mathematical operations.

The first solid state electronic calculator was created in the 1960s, building on the extensive history of tools such as the abacus, developed around 2000 BC, and the mechanical calculator, developed in the 17th century. It was developed in parallel with the analog computers of the day.

The pocket sized devices became available in the 1970s, especially after the first microprocessor developed by Intel for the Japanese calculator company Busicom. They later became commonly used within the Oil and Gas industry.

Modern electronic calculators vary from cheap, give-away, credit-card-sized models to sturdy desktop models with built-in printers. They became popular in the mid-1970s as integrated circuits made their size and cost small. By the end of that decade, calculator prices had reduced to a point where a basic calculator was affordable to most and they became common in schools.

Calculator (disambiguation)

A calculator (in the current usage of the word) is an electronic hand-held device that performs mathematical computations.

Calculator can also refer to:

Calculator (Mac OS)

Calculator is a basic calculator application made by Apple Inc. and bundled with Mac OS X. It has three modes: basic, scientific, and programmer. Basic includes a number pad, buttons for adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing, as well as memory keys. Scientific mode supports exponents and trigonometric functions, and programmer mode gives the user access to more options related to computer programming.

The Calculator program has a long history going back to the very beginning of the Macintosh platform, where a simple four-function calculator program was a standard desk accessory from the earliest system versions. Though no higher math capability was included, third-party developers provided upgrades, and Apple released the Graphing Calculator application with the first PowerPC release (7.1.2) of the Mac OS, and it was a standard component through Mac OS 9. Apple currently ships a different application called Grapher.

Calculator has Reverse Polish notation support, and can also speak the buttons pressed and result returned.

Trade

Trade involves the transfer of the ownership of goods or services from one person or entity to another in exchange for other goods or services or for money. Possible synonyms of "trade" include "commerce" and "financial transaction". A network that allows trade is called a market.

The original form of trade, barter, saw the direct exchange of goods and services for other goods and services. Barter is trading things without the use of money. Later one side of the barter started to involve precious metals, which gained symbolic as well as practical importance. Modern traders generally negotiate through a medium of exchange, such as money. As a result, buying can be separated from selling, or earning. The invention of money (and later credit, paper money and non-physical money) greatly simplified and promoted trade. Trade between two traders is called bilateral trade, while trade between more than two traders is called multilateral trade.

Trade exists due to the specialization and division of labor, in which most people concentrate on a small aspect of production, trading for other products. Trade exists between regions because different regions may have a comparative advantage (perceived or real) in the production of some trade-able commodity, or because different regions' size may encourage mass production. As such, trade at market prices between locations can benefit both locations.

Trade (nightclub)

Trade was a highly successful, pioneering and influential gay nightclub started in 1990 by Laurence Malice. Trade was unlike any other club at the time as it opened from 4am until 1pm on Sundays at Turnmills, Clerkenwell Road, London. The club was touted as "the original all night bender". The door policy was firm but fair: "You don't have to be gay or a member to get in, but your attitude and look will count".

Early Years 1990 - 1995

Trade quickly grew in popularity as other clubs at the time such as Heaven, G-A-Y and The Fridge closed at around 02:00-03:00 Sunday mornings, an hour or so before Trade opened at 03.00 Therefore, clubbers were able to go straight on to the club. At the time many guys went cruising in the parks after leaving other clubs. The name 'Trade' and the opening hours was to encourage guys to go to the club as a safer alternative.

Turnmills was the first club in the UK to be given a 24-hour "Music & Dance" licence. This was gained after Laurence Malice had for a long period of time tried to convince Mr Newman that there was a need for people to be able to party in a safe environment after 3am in the morning. Due to this licensing advantage, the venue's role was crucial to the success of Trade.

Trade (gallery)

Trade is an artist run initiative based in Nottingham, UK that has been running since 2008. Trade is curated by the artist Bruce Asbestos and Trade exhibits a range of artworks from performance to sculpture and artists video. The Trade gallery website also has podcast interviews with artists.

Gallery

Trade was listed as one of "the world's best secret art galleries" in 2011 by Alexander Farquharson of Nottingham Contemporary.

Trade shares gallery space at One Thoresby Street, Nottingham.

Exhibitions

Trade has exhibited the artwork of many artists including;

Stuart Sherman, Wasteland Twinning, Jaap Blonk, The Bongoleeros, Vile Plumage, W>A>S>P>S,Paula Roush (with Stewart Home),Phillip Henderson,David Sherry, Robin Deacon, Pyramidd.biz, Mermaid and Monster, Jackie Berridge, Tim Hattrick, Zachary Formwalt, Hannah Conroy, Katy Woods, Eastside Projects, Kelly Large,Beacon, Olivia Plender and Patrick Staff, Bubblebyte, Yelena Popova,Grandad Hill, Ewoud Van Rijn, Iva Kontic,Olaf Breuning, David Blandy and DVVID, M-E-X-I-C-O, Alex Stevenson, Robert Ashley, Reactor, Karin Kihlberg and Reuben Henry, Elisa Pône, Katie Davies,Richard Paul, David SherryMark McGowan (performance artist), Joseph Beuys, Rotterdam VHS Festival, Mark Essen, Ben Woodeson,Oliver Sutherland, Jemma Egan, Tomas Chaffe, Abigail Reynolds, Sarah Doyle, Phillip Henderson, Endless Supply, Artur Zmijewski